Size of Elk Bulls, Cows and Calves

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Elk, also known as Wapiti, are large members of the deer family (Cervidae) and are known for their impressive size.

Elk are impressive animals with a commanding presence due to their size, weight, and formidable antlers. Their large stature is an adaptation that helps them thrive in their natural environments and participate in social and reproductive behaviors characteristic of the species.

Elk Height at the Shoulder

Adult elk bulls are generally taller and larger than elk cows. On average, adult bulls stand about 4.5 to 5 feet (1.4 to 1.5 meters) tall at the shoulder. Adult cows are slightly shorter, typically ranging from 4 to 4.5 feet (1.2 to 1.4 meters) in height at the shoulder. These measurements can vary based on the subspecies and individual genetics.

Length of Elk

Elk have a considerable body length. From nose to tail, adult elk can measure around 7 to 9 feet (2.1 to 2.7 meters) long. The length includes the head, neck, body, and tail. Again, individual variation and subspecies can influence the specific measurements.

Weight of Elk

Elk are also known for their substantial weight. Adult bulls are significantly heavier than cows due to their larger size and antler growth. On average, adult bull elk weigh between 700 to 1,100 pounds (320 to 500 kilograms), although some exceptionally large bulls can weigh over 1,200 pounds (545 kilograms). Adult cow elk typically weigh between 450 to 650 pounds (200 to 295 kilograms). The weight can vary depending on factors such as age, sex, subspecies, and available food resources.

Elk Bull Antler Size

One of the most striking features of male elk is their large antlers. Antlers are extensions of the skull made of bone and are shed and regrown annually. The size and configuration of antlers can vary among individuals, subspecies, and age classes. Mature bull elk typically have larger and more elaborate antlers compared to younger bulls. Antlers can reach impressive sizes, with the main beams measuring several feet long and having multiple points or tines branching off. Some exceptional bulls may have antler spreads (width) exceeding 4 to 5 feet (1.2 to 1.5 meters).

Subspecies Variations

It's important to note that there are several subspecies of elk distributed across North America and eastern Asia. Subspecies, such as the Rocky Mountain elk, Roosevelt elk, and Tule elk, can exhibit slight variations in size, coloration, and antler characteristics. For example, Roosevelt elk, found in the Pacific Northwest, tend to be larger in body size compared to Rocky Mountain elk, which inhabit the western United States and Canada.

The size of elk is influenced by various factors, including genetics, nutrition, habitat quality, and age.